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[Music]

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[Applause]

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[Music]

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we can now say that human beings have

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thrown a rotorcraft on another planet

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hello everyone and welcome to another of

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nasa science live my name is jordy cook

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and i'm the news events and project

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supervisor at nasa's jet propulsion lab

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and i'm going to be your host for

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today's episode

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so today we're going to talk about the

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historic flights of nasa's ingenuity

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helicopter and what they could mean for

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extraterrestrial flight in the future

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over the past month nasa has been

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pushing the boundaries of what is

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possible and turning science into

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science fast on april 19 the ingenuity

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mars helicopter became the first

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spacecraft to achieve powered controlled

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flight on another world

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since then it has completed four flights

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that have taken this four pound

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spacecraft higher

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farther and faster than ever before

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and now that the telecast it's

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technology tests it gets to try new

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things that are all gravy engineering

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has just started an operational

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demonstration where it will try to fly

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along with its fellow robot nasa's

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perseverance rover and it will test how

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well it works as a scout

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ingenuity recently demonstrated that it

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could fly some fairly long distances

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about one and a third football fields

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out and then back again taking lots of

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pictures along the way the fourth flight

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was the most ambitious so far let's take

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all right i see data products coming in

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so i think we're ready to begin

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processing

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all right telemetry should be in

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i have a plot to show here showing

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helicopter flying out and back

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that's us going out and back

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that's a room full of happy engineers at

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jpl

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the engineer the ingenuity team is

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currently working on planning their

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fifth flight so we hope they get to look

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that same way again soon

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so but for now let's talk to the experts

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so because this historic flight on mars

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has implications for how we will explore

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other worlds we are joined today by both

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a mars helicopter pilot and a team

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member from nasa's upcoming dragonfly

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mission

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which will take flight to a whole other

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world

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saturn's moon titan

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you can join the conversation too submit

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your questions about ingenuity and

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dragonfly using the hashtag asknasa and

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we'll answer as many as we can

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throughout the show

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so right now with a nod to asian

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american and pacific islander heritage

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month in may i'm joined by johnny lamb a

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pilot for ingenuity and nishant mehta

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deputy lead for the dragonfly mobility

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system thank you both so much for

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joining us

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thank you for having us

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so johnny

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titles uh at nasa can be a little bit

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technical can you explain what your

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titles mean what do you actually do on

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your missions so johnny we'll start with

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you

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so my day job is actually a guidance and

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control engineer uh which is also a

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little bit technical too uh

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so on ingenuity i helped i worked on the

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team that developed the flight flight

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control algorithms and the soft and

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flight control software and now that

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ingenuity is part of a

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operations phase i'm one of the pilots

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which involves doing a lot of the flight

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planning that gets loaded onto the

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helicopter

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and then

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downloading the data off the helicopter

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and analyzing the post flight results

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afterwards

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and what about you nisha

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thank you jerry

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i work at the johns hopkins applied

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physics lab in maryland where i'm in a

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team of scientists and engineers working

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on what we call mobility

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mobility is the system that will tell

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dragonfly how to fly from place to place

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on titan without human intervention

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my main job on a day-to-day basis is to

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help coordinate activities across

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certain aspects of mobility um

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for example one of the things i do is

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work with a wonderful group of people on

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the cameras and algorithms that will

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help dragonfly

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tell dragonfly where it's going while

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it's flying on titan

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i'll also add that in terms of titles

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they can be hard to understand very

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cryptic sometimes so folks working on

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dragonfly will often use the term dragon

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flyers

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so we've got a dragonflyer and a mars

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helicopter pilot with us today

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so perseverance carried a lot of

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technology with it to the red planet um

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you know one of the technology

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experiments is the moxie instrument and

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it just showed us the other week that

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oxygen can be extracted from the martian

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atmosphere and that'll help with

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launching rockets off of mars and

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eventually making oxygen for astronauts

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to breathe

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the meta instrument helps prepare for

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human exploration by providing

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information about weather climate

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surface radiation and dust so johnny

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what kinds of horizons does the mars

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helicopter technology demonstration open

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up for future nasa missions

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so i think with the success of ingenuity

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we've basically kind of unlocked an

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aerial dimension the exploration so

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we've always kind of had the orbiters

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who can

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uh provide observations from up high

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above and now we and we've always had

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rovers who can provide observations from

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way close to the ground and now this

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kind of provides us another dimension

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to kind of explore that gap in between

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where we can kind of reach some hard to

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reach areas we can provide images

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reconnaissance we can scout ahead we can

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look for the best pass best path to

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traverse and eventually all these things

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can also help with human exploration on

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mars

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or other planets

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yeah and i know that you guys have done

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a lot of testing on earth you know

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there's like a space simulation chamber

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at jpl but what have you learned from

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flying this helicopter on mars that we

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couldn't gain from flying it in the

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so that's a good question so we

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we spent a lot of time in the 25 foot

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space simulator at jpl now we're it's a

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pretty big chamber but and we're a

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pretty small helicopter but even with

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all that we were only able to ever go

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about a meter up off the ground and

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about half a meter side to side

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uh and we always had a lot of cables and

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wires and ground support equipment

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all while trying to simulate a large a

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martian uh

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environment now we're here at mars

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we've been kind of freed of all the all

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of us and we're allowed to just kind of

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soar the skies and what we demonstrated

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is we actually can control flight in the

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actual martian environment

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and as was shown in like flight 3 we

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were able to fly 50 meters downrange

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which is the farthest we've been back

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and that's the farthest we've ever gone

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and in the process we're validating all

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our models

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all our testing we're able to kind of

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inform and refine our models and it

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turned out a lot of it matched really

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well

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and now we we're collecting all this

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valuable engineering data back so that

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we can kind of help

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data mine it and improve our

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our uh knowledge for for future missions

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now as we move on to kind of an

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operational demonstration phase

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uh we're going to learn how to work with

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perseverance we're going to try to scout

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and try to figure out how that how to

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play together so that we can inform

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future

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missions on

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on how they would handle this in the

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future

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yeah so it's going to be a little bit

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like a buddy movie

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[Laughter]

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all right so

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what makes it really hard to fly at mars

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is that the atmosphere is really thin

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but it tightens saturn's largest moon

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it's a different world entirely has a

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much denser atmosphere than mars and

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nishan i know we've talked about how you

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know if you were to kind of get some

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speed going you could actually soar for

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quite a bit of time on titan on your own

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so

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what can the dragonfly mission learn

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from the ingenuity mars helicopter

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that's a great question um i'll say that

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we are always learning from past based

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missions here at apl every time we build

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a spacecraft we apply those lessons um

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to later efforts in particular uh yeah

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we were very excited to see ingenuity

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fly on mars um

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while there are a lot of differences

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between ingenuity and dragonfly there

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are also a lot of similarities when

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you're designing and operating a vehicle

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to on another planet

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especially to fly one example is that

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flights for both engineerity and

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dragonfly are autonomous

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titan is

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very far from earth it takes over an

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hour to send data to titan and over an

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hour to get that data back

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because of that we can't simply have

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someone driving or flying from the earth

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we need to dragonfly to be able to go

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from place to place on its own like

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ingenuity and so

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ingenuities

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of the team's experience flying

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autonomous and mars will be very

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valuable we'll um

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learn from the challenges they faced and

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how they solve them

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and i will say that another reason i'm

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really excited about ingenuity and

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dragonfly of course is that they provide

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um these missions provide inspiration uh

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they'll inspire future ideas for

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planetary exploration and

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certainly help us push our boundaries

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even further

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and um

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these missions also inspire the next

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generation of scientists and engineers

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and uh i hope that students um like my

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own daughters will be inspired to uh

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pursue space exploration and who knows

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um maybe themselves work with dragonfly

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when it gets to titan in the 2030s

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uh continue exploration of mars or other

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places in our universe

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yeah and it's pretty hard to figure out

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how to fly on another world so nisha why

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would we even want an aerial dimension

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to explore titan

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yeah i think johnny put it very well

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earlier flying opens up a lot of new

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possibilities for us right we can cover

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a lot of ground a larger area than we

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than we could otherwise

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00:11:31,269 --> 00:11:29,040
we can do our science investigation a

283
00:11:32,630 --> 00:11:31,279
lot of different places on titan both on

284
00:11:35,030 --> 00:11:32,640
the surface and

285
00:11:35,829 --> 00:11:35,040
collect data while we're in the air

286
00:11:38,069 --> 00:11:35,839
and

287
00:11:39,670 --> 00:11:38,079
in particular for titan

288
00:11:42,310 --> 00:11:39,680
actually makes a lot of sense to fly

289
00:11:43,910 --> 00:11:42,320
since it's relatively easy uh thanks to

290
00:11:46,550 --> 00:11:43,920
uh like you mentioned uh the really

291
00:11:47,590 --> 00:11:46,560
thick atmosphere there and low gravity

292
00:11:49,269 --> 00:11:47,600
in fact

293
00:11:52,710 --> 00:11:49,279
titan actually has lower gravity than

294
00:11:56,790 --> 00:11:55,350
great yeah so you know lots of different

295
00:11:59,430 --> 00:11:56,800
kinds of worlds

296
00:12:02,230 --> 00:11:59,440
in our solar system so i see that there

297
00:12:03,509 --> 00:12:02,240
are questions coming in online uh if

298
00:12:05,350 --> 00:12:03,519
you'd like to submit a question to be

299
00:12:07,829 --> 00:12:05,360
answered during the show use the hashtag

300
00:12:09,829 --> 00:12:07,839
asknasa or comment in the stream

301
00:12:12,629 --> 00:12:09,839
wherever you're watching this so our

302
00:12:15,350 --> 00:12:12,639
first question is from erica liebel on

303
00:12:17,670 --> 00:12:15,360
twitter asks what has surprised you the

304
00:12:19,990 --> 00:12:17,680
most about ingenuity's accomplishments

305
00:12:21,750 --> 00:12:20,000
so far uh why don't we start with johnny

306
00:12:24,550 --> 00:12:21,760
and any shot you can let me know if you

307
00:12:25,990 --> 00:12:24,560
had anything that surprised you

308
00:12:35,590 --> 00:12:26,000
i

309
00:12:37,110 --> 00:12:35,600
performed on mars uh

310
00:12:38,870 --> 00:12:37,120
we've been looking at these flights

311
00:12:40,470 --> 00:12:38,880
we've been getting back the data we've

312
00:12:42,710 --> 00:12:40,480
dug into it

313
00:12:45,829 --> 00:12:42,720
and they've matched extremely well with

314
00:12:47,829 --> 00:12:45,839
our models uh with how we tested it

315
00:12:53,110 --> 00:12:47,839
and and it's been a very pleasant

316
00:12:56,389 --> 00:12:54,550
you shot did you have anything that

317
00:12:59,030 --> 00:12:56,399
surprised you as you were watching the

318
00:13:00,790 --> 00:12:59,040
ingenuity flights

319
00:13:03,110 --> 00:13:00,800
uh one of the things that surprised me

320
00:13:05,910 --> 00:13:03,120
um you know often usually in space

321
00:13:07,829 --> 00:13:05,920
flight right you try to use hardware

322
00:13:09,590 --> 00:13:07,839
that has been tested extensively in

323
00:13:12,150 --> 00:13:09,600
space and you don't want to take those

324
00:13:14,470 --> 00:13:12,160
sort of risks but with ingenuity you

325
00:13:18,230 --> 00:13:14,480
know learning that they had used

326
00:13:19,829 --> 00:13:18,240
common cell phone processors for example

327
00:13:21,590 --> 00:13:19,839
is really inspiring and it was really

328
00:13:24,870 --> 00:13:21,600
surprising to me and um

329
00:13:29,750 --> 00:13:27,269
great uh next question comes from moon

330
00:13:32,829 --> 00:13:29,760
to mars quest on twitter

331
00:13:35,269 --> 00:13:32,839
will flight testing of the quad chopper

332
00:13:38,150 --> 00:13:35,279
dragonfly be similar to

333
00:13:40,870 --> 00:13:38,160
ingenuity uh performed at jpl's high

334
00:13:42,790 --> 00:13:40,880
vacuum chamber or somewhere like nasa

335
00:13:44,310 --> 00:13:42,800
armstrong or the applied physics lab

336
00:13:46,949 --> 00:13:44,320
facility i guess you know where where

337
00:13:49,110 --> 00:13:46,959
will it be tested nishan

338
00:13:51,509 --> 00:13:49,120
yeah that's a great question um so the

339
00:13:53,750 --> 00:13:51,519
drone it's uh we have a model drone that

340
00:13:56,790 --> 00:13:53,760
we fly to test our algorithms and

341
00:13:59,189 --> 00:13:56,800
sensors and so forth um as the the video

342
00:14:01,509 --> 00:13:59,199
is currently showing uh we will fly that

343
00:14:04,150 --> 00:14:01,519
um at various locations uh

344
00:14:07,110 --> 00:14:04,160
a lot here at the apl we plan on going

345
00:14:10,389 --> 00:14:07,120
out to um deserts out in the uh western

346
00:14:11,829 --> 00:14:10,399
us to run some flight tests there

347
00:14:14,150 --> 00:14:11,839
but that's not the end of the story so

348
00:14:16,230 --> 00:14:14,160
flight you know the actual dragonfly

349
00:14:18,069 --> 00:14:16,240
lander is quite large it's about the

350
00:14:20,069 --> 00:14:18,079
about the size of curiosity actually the

351
00:14:22,790 --> 00:14:20,079
size of a small car makes it very

352
00:14:25,269 --> 00:14:22,800
difficult to test the full-scale

353
00:14:27,189 --> 00:14:25,279
um lander here on earth um you can't

354
00:14:29,350 --> 00:14:27,199
build a chamber quite that big

355
00:14:31,829 --> 00:14:29,360
and so what we'll do is um supplement

356
00:14:33,350 --> 00:14:31,839
our drone flight tests um the test

357
00:14:36,310 --> 00:14:33,360
drones that we um

358
00:14:38,870 --> 00:14:36,320
we're building with uh simulations a lot

359
00:14:40,629 --> 00:14:38,880
of simulations um to

360
00:14:42,710 --> 00:14:40,639
cover all the various possibilities of

361
00:14:45,829 --> 00:14:42,720
what we think we might experience when

362
00:14:49,750 --> 00:14:45,839
we get to titan

363
00:14:51,750 --> 00:14:49,760
great and so uh cinecom on twitter asks

364
00:14:53,189 --> 00:14:51,760
and and i'll apply this uh johnny you

365
00:14:55,509 --> 00:14:53,199
can talk about mars and nishan you can

366
00:14:57,750 --> 00:14:55,519
talk about titan what is the greatest

367
00:15:02,470 --> 00:14:57,760
challenge to a successful flight and how

368
00:15:07,829 --> 00:15:05,509
that's a good question uh so

369
00:15:09,990 --> 00:15:07,839
i think always the most

370
00:15:12,150 --> 00:15:10,000
challenging parts to the flight are

371
00:15:12,949 --> 00:15:12,160
going to be the takeoff and the landing

372
00:15:15,430 --> 00:15:12,959
uh

373
00:15:18,310 --> 00:15:15,440
it's certainly where everything kind of

374
00:15:20,790 --> 00:15:18,320
works or doesn't for the takeoff

375
00:15:22,389 --> 00:15:20,800
we we kind of do a we have a scheme

376
00:15:25,030 --> 00:15:22,399
where essentially we

377
00:15:26,870 --> 00:15:25,040
we apply a large amount of thrust to to

378
00:15:28,470 --> 00:15:26,880
kind of hop it off the ground

379
00:15:30,550 --> 00:15:28,480
and at that point we kind of do a

380
00:15:31,990 --> 00:15:30,560
controlled flight up up to the altitude

381
00:15:33,749 --> 00:15:32,000
that we want to

382
00:15:37,509 --> 00:15:33,759
and then on landing

383
00:15:39,749 --> 00:15:37,519
we actually drive it down um

384
00:15:42,310 --> 00:15:39,759
at a at a meter per second

385
00:15:45,110 --> 00:15:42,320
coming down and then we wait until we we

386
00:15:46,870 --> 00:15:45,120
detect enough velocity error

387
00:15:48,870 --> 00:15:46,880
to to determine that it that we've

388
00:15:52,310 --> 00:15:48,880
actually reached the ground and then the

389
00:15:57,110 --> 00:15:54,230
and nishant what about titan what's the

390
00:15:59,189 --> 00:15:57,120
greatest challenge there

391
00:16:01,110 --> 00:15:59,199
oh uh there are a significant number of

392
00:16:03,030 --> 00:16:01,120
challenges um

393
00:16:05,350 --> 00:16:03,040
you know we haven't gotten there yet but

394
00:16:06,870 --> 00:16:05,360
i can say that a couple of things that

395
00:16:08,949 --> 00:16:06,880
we're looking at

396
00:16:10,150 --> 00:16:08,959
include the thermal environment uh by

397
00:16:11,910 --> 00:16:10,160
that i mean the temperature on the

398
00:16:14,069 --> 00:16:11,920
surface of titan it is

399
00:16:16,310 --> 00:16:14,079
very very cold um

400
00:16:18,069 --> 00:16:16,320
about negative 300 degrees fahrenheit

401
00:16:19,670 --> 00:16:18,079
which is kind of hard to fathom right we

402
00:16:21,189 --> 00:16:19,680
don't have any equivalent experience

403
00:16:24,230 --> 00:16:21,199
here on earth

404
00:16:26,389 --> 00:16:24,240
and designing a lander that can survive

405
00:16:28,230 --> 00:16:26,399
those temperatures and operate on those

406
00:16:30,550 --> 00:16:28,240
temperatures is a challenge

407
00:16:32,310 --> 00:16:30,560
um and i'll um

408
00:16:34,310 --> 00:16:32,320
so you know what johnny said is also

409
00:16:36,550 --> 00:16:34,320
true right i mean the

410
00:16:37,910 --> 00:16:36,560
building um something that can take off

411
00:16:40,310 --> 00:16:37,920
from one location fly to another

412
00:16:41,590 --> 00:16:40,320
autonomously is difficult and will be

413
00:16:47,110 --> 00:16:41,600
one of the

414
00:16:49,670 --> 00:16:47,120
and and if i may i'd like to add a

415
00:16:52,069 --> 00:16:49,680
little bit to what nishant was saying uh

416
00:16:54,629 --> 00:16:52,079
he's right survivability is actually one

417
00:16:56,150 --> 00:16:54,639
of the bigger challenges as well and

418
00:16:57,990 --> 00:16:56,160
there's there's a lot of work to being

419
00:16:59,670 --> 00:16:58,000
able to survive like a cool night in

420
00:17:02,069 --> 00:16:59,680
mars and

421
00:17:03,910 --> 00:17:02,079
all the work that went involved to

422
00:17:05,429 --> 00:17:03,920
having the heater there to keep it at a

423
00:17:08,069 --> 00:17:05,439
certain temperature

424
00:17:10,150 --> 00:17:08,079
uh keep it there live having it wake up

425
00:17:13,590 --> 00:17:10,160
every day that there's a lot of work

426
00:17:15,669 --> 00:17:13,600
that went into that and a lot of testing

427
00:17:17,669 --> 00:17:15,679
yeah i remember mimi young the project

428
00:17:19,750 --> 00:17:17,679
manager saying she would be

429
00:17:22,470 --> 00:17:19,760
so happy when it when the helicopter

430
00:17:27,510 --> 00:17:22,480
survived its first night

431
00:17:33,430 --> 00:17:31,350
great okay so um because everyone always

432
00:17:36,470 --> 00:17:33,440
wants to know about pictures

433
00:17:38,950 --> 00:17:36,480
adrian on facebook asks can dragonfly

434
00:17:41,190 --> 00:17:38,960
record videos and send it back to earth

435
00:17:43,669 --> 00:17:41,200
as well

436
00:17:46,230 --> 00:17:43,679
that's that is an excellent question

437
00:17:48,950 --> 00:17:46,240
we have a set of cameras on board

438
00:17:50,789 --> 00:17:48,960
dragonfly uh a science set of cameras

439
00:17:53,669 --> 00:17:50,799
called dragon cam

440
00:17:55,270 --> 00:17:53,679
and a set of cameras that we'll use

441
00:17:57,669 --> 00:17:55,280
just for navigation something we call

442
00:17:59,750 --> 00:17:57,679
our nav cams which is uh what we'll use

443
00:18:00,710 --> 00:17:59,760
for mobility to fly from one location to

444
00:18:03,270 --> 00:18:00,720
another

445
00:18:05,110 --> 00:18:03,280
um we'll be taking pictures certainly um

446
00:18:07,830 --> 00:18:05,120
we'll be taking pictures very frequently

447
00:18:10,070 --> 00:18:07,840
on as we fly however i wouldn't

448
00:18:11,350 --> 00:18:10,080
necessarily call it a video we're not

449
00:18:13,430 --> 00:18:11,360
going to be

450
00:18:15,669 --> 00:18:13,440
able to collect high rate like you know

451
00:18:17,270 --> 00:18:15,679
30 frames a second or 60 frames a second

452
00:18:19,110 --> 00:18:17,280
kind of videos and get all that data

453
00:18:20,710 --> 00:18:19,120
down to earth a couple of challenges

454
00:18:23,029 --> 00:18:20,720
there um

455
00:18:24,870 --> 00:18:23,039
one is you know just designing a system

456
00:18:26,950 --> 00:18:24,880
that can handle that video data rate

457
00:18:28,789 --> 00:18:26,960
with everything else that's going on on

458
00:18:30,710 --> 00:18:28,799
board the lander

459
00:18:32,390 --> 00:18:30,720
so for example our navigation cameras i

460
00:18:34,630 --> 00:18:32,400
can speak to those uh we'll collect data

461
00:18:37,430 --> 00:18:34,640
as we're flying at about one picture

462
00:18:38,470 --> 00:18:37,440
every second which isn't very often

463
00:18:39,909 --> 00:18:38,480
um

464
00:18:41,830 --> 00:18:39,919
the second challenge the next challenge

465
00:18:43,669 --> 00:18:41,840
is how do you get all that data back

466
00:18:46,310 --> 00:18:43,679
from titan to the earth

467
00:18:48,310 --> 00:18:46,320
um you know it sounds easy right you

468
00:18:50,070 --> 00:18:48,320
have a big antenna on dragonfly and you

469
00:18:51,669 --> 00:18:50,080
start sending data but

470
00:18:53,510 --> 00:18:51,679
uh for those of you that you know sort

471
00:18:55,590 --> 00:18:53,520
of understand what data rates look like

472
00:18:58,710 --> 00:18:55,600
um we're talking about

473
00:19:00,870 --> 00:18:58,720
10 ish kilobits bits per second

474
00:19:01,830 --> 00:19:00,880
from titan back to earth which is not a

475
00:19:02,950 --> 00:19:01,840
lot

476
00:19:04,950 --> 00:19:02,960
and so

477
00:19:06,950 --> 00:19:04,960
you know we will be spending a lot of

478
00:19:08,710 --> 00:19:06,960
time optimizing

479
00:19:09,990 --> 00:19:08,720
what data we want to bring down working

480
00:19:12,390 --> 00:19:10,000
with the scientists to figure out what's

481
00:19:15,510 --> 00:19:12,400
most interesting and when we finally get

482
00:19:19,510 --> 00:19:15,520
to titan implement that and get what

483
00:19:24,630 --> 00:19:21,750
yeah and and johnny there's some cameras

484
00:19:27,270 --> 00:19:24,640
on board ingenuity as well right

485
00:19:29,110 --> 00:19:27,280
yes uh we have two cameras uh one is our

486
00:19:31,110 --> 00:19:29,120
navigation camera that's kind of our

487
00:19:32,870 --> 00:19:31,120
black and white camera pointing mostly

488
00:19:35,029 --> 00:19:32,880
down slightly board

489
00:19:36,310 --> 00:19:35,039
uh and that's where the kind of that

490
00:19:38,390 --> 00:19:36,320
iconic first

491
00:19:39,830 --> 00:19:38,400
first flight image comes from

492
00:19:40,870 --> 00:19:39,840
where it took a picture of its own

493
00:19:43,590 --> 00:19:40,880
shadow

494
00:19:45,430 --> 00:19:43,600
uh and then we have the color camera we

495
00:19:47,830 --> 00:19:45,440
call it the rte or return to earth

496
00:19:50,830 --> 00:19:47,840
camera and that's the one that's taking

497
00:19:54,070 --> 00:19:50,840
the images uh all a little bit more

498
00:19:57,750 --> 00:19:54,080
forward-facing uh now we don't have

499
00:19:59,510 --> 00:19:57,760
video capability uh there we

500
00:20:02,070 --> 00:19:59,520
were

501
00:20:04,149 --> 00:20:02,080
for for the color camera we take we take

502
00:20:06,390 --> 00:20:04,159
some images for the net for the

503
00:20:08,789 --> 00:20:06,400
navigation camera we collect more images

504
00:20:09,909 --> 00:20:08,799
so we can't have limited data recording

505
00:20:11,830 --> 00:20:09,919
if you will

506
00:20:13,430 --> 00:20:11,840
uh that's as long as we can pro get all

507
00:20:16,470 --> 00:20:13,440
those images down

508
00:20:18,710 --> 00:20:16,480
and process them in that way

509
00:20:20,870 --> 00:20:18,720
but but we're overall kind of

510
00:20:23,830 --> 00:20:20,880
restricted by

511
00:20:25,669 --> 00:20:23,840
processing load and

512
00:20:27,190 --> 00:20:25,679
trying to collect that much data is kind

513
00:20:30,630 --> 00:20:27,200
of a lot while in the middle of trying

514
00:20:32,070 --> 00:20:30,640
to maintain flight at the same time

515
00:20:33,669 --> 00:20:32,080
right and there have been some videos

516
00:20:36,710 --> 00:20:33,679
that came back but they were taken by

517
00:20:38,870 --> 00:20:36,720
your buddy the rover right

518
00:20:40,789 --> 00:20:38,880
um and i know that we have some great

519
00:20:43,590 --> 00:20:40,799
orbiters around mars that have been able

520
00:20:45,029 --> 00:20:43,600
to kind of give us those high data rates

521
00:20:46,470 --> 00:20:45,039
um

522
00:20:48,950 --> 00:20:46,480
we'll have to see what kind of support i

523
00:20:52,390 --> 00:20:48,960
guess you guys have it tightening you

524
00:20:54,870 --> 00:20:52,400
don't have a relay network yet there

525
00:20:57,350 --> 00:20:54,880
now um the plan for dragonfly is direct

526
00:20:59,110 --> 00:20:57,360
to earth communications what we call um

527
00:21:01,430 --> 00:20:59,120
dte so

528
00:21:03,669 --> 00:21:01,440
um yeah dragonfly has a large antenna

529
00:21:04,870 --> 00:21:03,679
what we call the high gain antenna or

530
00:21:06,310 --> 00:21:04,880
hga

531
00:21:08,149 --> 00:21:06,320
which will be communicating directly

532
00:21:10,070 --> 00:21:08,159
back to earth

533
00:21:12,870 --> 00:21:10,080
we don't have any other support

534
00:21:17,510 --> 00:21:14,789
okay well there's another question about

535
00:21:18,390 --> 00:21:17,520
dragonfly and i don't know um nisha if

536
00:21:20,789 --> 00:21:18,400
you've

537
00:21:23,590 --> 00:21:20,799
you know settled all these things but

538
00:21:25,430 --> 00:21:23,600
robert hill group on youtube asks what

539
00:21:29,110 --> 00:21:25,440
are the specific dimensions being

540
00:21:31,190 --> 00:21:29,120
proposed for the dragonfly mission

541
00:21:32,950 --> 00:21:31,200
ah yeah so um we're still in the middle

542
00:21:35,110 --> 00:21:32,960
of a design phase so there are things

543
00:21:37,990 --> 00:21:35,120
that will change um

544
00:21:40,789 --> 00:21:38,000
if you you know we're fairly close to

545
00:21:44,710 --> 00:21:40,799
about the size of a a small

546
00:21:46,230 --> 00:21:44,720
mini uh type of car or um you know or

547
00:21:48,710 --> 00:21:46,240
even curiosity

548
00:21:50,630 --> 00:21:48,720
um i'm not i don't have the exact

549
00:21:52,630 --> 00:21:50,640
dimensions off the you know on the tip

550
00:21:55,909 --> 00:21:52,640
of my tongue here but um you can think

551
00:22:01,190 --> 00:21:59,190
cool okay yeah which is much larger than

552
00:22:03,190 --> 00:22:01,200
ingenuity which i think the fuselage is

553
00:22:04,470 --> 00:22:03,200
like the size of a tissue box right

554
00:22:07,669 --> 00:22:04,480
johnny

555
00:22:09,590 --> 00:22:07,679
yes that's about the correct

556
00:22:10,390 --> 00:22:09,600
comparison

557
00:22:11,590 --> 00:22:10,400
yeah

558
00:22:13,990 --> 00:22:11,600
well here's a question about the

559
00:22:17,110 --> 00:22:14,000
helicopter um

560
00:22:19,669 --> 00:22:17,120
douglas arago on twitter asks what is

561
00:22:22,549 --> 00:22:19,679
the flight ceiling on mars and how does

562
00:22:25,590 --> 00:22:22,559
that compare to earth or a helicopter of

563
00:22:30,870 --> 00:22:28,390
the size ceiling i guess i'm not

564
00:22:33,669 --> 00:22:30,880
completely um understanding that

565
00:22:35,750 --> 00:22:33,679
question perhaps so like how high could

566
00:22:38,870 --> 00:22:35,760
it go since i think the atmosphere gets

567
00:22:41,270 --> 00:22:38,880
a little bit thinner right as you go up

568
00:22:43,590 --> 00:22:41,280
well i mean i think our our limitation

569
00:22:45,750 --> 00:22:43,600
right now is kind of our sensor package

570
00:22:47,270 --> 00:22:45,760
we we've been comfortable flying with

571
00:22:50,870 --> 00:22:47,280
the altimeter

572
00:22:51,990 --> 00:22:50,880
uh at five meters uh altitude

573
00:22:54,149 --> 00:22:52,000
and we

574
00:22:55,990 --> 00:22:54,159
we're also planning uh we are also

575
00:22:58,630 --> 00:22:56,000
comfortable probably going as high as 10

576
00:23:00,470 --> 00:22:58,640
maybe 15 meters altitude but beyond that

577
00:23:01,830 --> 00:23:00,480
we're a little we we start to get a

578
00:23:05,190 --> 00:23:01,840
little

579
00:23:07,750 --> 00:23:05,200
um cautious because it

580
00:23:10,470 --> 00:23:07,760
thing things might not work well

581
00:23:13,669 --> 00:23:10,480
at that at that altitude so that's kind

582
00:23:15,190 --> 00:23:13,679
of our limit uh at the moment

583
00:23:18,630 --> 00:23:15,200
but all the flights up to the state have

584
00:23:21,909 --> 00:23:18,640
been at the five meter altitude

585
00:23:23,510 --> 00:23:21,919
yeah okay so let's see oh speaking of

586
00:23:26,789 --> 00:23:23,520
you're talking about sensor but here's a

587
00:23:29,430 --> 00:23:26,799
question about energy so rando knot on

588
00:23:31,350 --> 00:23:29,440
twitter asks what kind of energy could

589
00:23:36,230 --> 00:23:31,360
be used for the next generation of

590
00:23:40,390 --> 00:23:38,390
is that directed to me or

591
00:23:41,990 --> 00:23:40,400
yeah johnny i guess if there's like um

592
00:23:43,430 --> 00:23:42,000
let's say there's a helicopter that goes

593
00:23:45,029 --> 00:23:43,440
on but yeah nisha why don't you talk

594
00:23:46,870 --> 00:23:45,039
about the power source for your

595
00:23:48,870 --> 00:23:46,880
rotorcraft too but johnny won't you go

596
00:23:50,549 --> 00:23:48,880
first

597
00:23:52,470 --> 00:23:50,559
well i mean for the mars helicopter we

598
00:23:55,510 --> 00:23:52,480
have that solar panel it's uh it's that

599
00:23:57,750 --> 00:23:55,520
rectangular strip you see at the top

600
00:23:58,870 --> 00:23:57,760
uh and it's been it's been performing

601
00:24:00,950 --> 00:23:58,880
well for us

602
00:24:03,350 --> 00:24:00,960
it's giving us plenty of charge for

603
00:24:05,830 --> 00:24:03,360
overnight uh over the course of the day

604
00:24:07,110 --> 00:24:05,840
so that we're ready and able and

605
00:24:11,830 --> 00:24:07,120
power healthy

606
00:24:15,669 --> 00:24:13,430
and nishant you're much farther away

607
00:24:17,990 --> 00:24:15,679
from the sun or you will be so how do

608
00:24:19,830 --> 00:24:18,000
you guys get power

609
00:24:22,870 --> 00:24:19,840
yeah we can't use uh solar panels

610
00:24:25,269 --> 00:24:22,880
unfortunately when um at titan um but we

611
00:24:27,510 --> 00:24:25,279
use um a power source very much like

612
00:24:29,510 --> 00:24:27,520
curiosity and perseverance too

613
00:24:31,510 --> 00:24:29,520
it's what's called an mm rtg it's a bit

614
00:24:33,830 --> 00:24:31,520
of a mouthful and multi-mission radio

615
00:24:36,390 --> 00:24:33,840
isotope

616
00:24:38,230 --> 00:24:36,400
a thermoelectric generator

617
00:24:40,390 --> 00:24:38,240
it is uh uses a new

618
00:24:43,510 --> 00:24:40,400
the decay of materials to generate heat

619
00:24:45,990 --> 00:24:43,520
which gets turned into electricity on

620
00:24:48,549 --> 00:24:46,000
board and um so what dragonfly will do

621
00:24:50,230 --> 00:24:48,559
is it'll use that it and that provides

622
00:24:52,630 --> 00:24:50,240
about

623
00:24:54,310 --> 00:24:52,640
50 to 60 watts of power will charge

624
00:24:55,190 --> 00:24:54,320
batteries on board which will then be

625
00:24:57,669 --> 00:24:55,200
used

626
00:25:00,230 --> 00:24:57,679
um for flight

627
00:25:02,230 --> 00:25:00,240
and other activities

628
00:25:04,470 --> 00:25:02,240
okay great yeah and it's a power source

629
00:25:05,269 --> 00:25:04,480
that's been used on many missions before

630
00:25:07,190 --> 00:25:05,279
too

631
00:25:09,590 --> 00:25:07,200
um okay well that's all the time that we

632
00:25:12,230 --> 00:25:09,600
have for today so thank you for joining

633
00:25:13,830 --> 00:25:12,240
us johnny and nishant

634
00:25:15,269 --> 00:25:13,840
thank you for having us and go

635
00:25:19,029 --> 00:25:15,279
engineering

636
00:25:24,070 --> 00:25:20,549
if you'd like to stay updated on the

637
00:25:25,909 --> 00:25:24,080
mars helicopter visit go.nasa.gov

638
00:25:27,350 --> 00:25:25,919
ingenuity and to learn more about the

639
00:25:32,390 --> 00:25:27,360
dragonfly mission visit

640
00:25:36,710 --> 00:25:34,149
be sure to keep up with the perseverance

641
00:25:39,430 --> 00:25:36,720
rover as well on facebook and twitter as

642
00:25:41,590 --> 00:25:39,440
the helicopter moves into this new phase

643
00:25:44,070 --> 00:25:41,600
graduating if you will into an

644
00:25:46,149 --> 00:25:44,080
operational demonstration perseverance

645
00:25:48,470 --> 00:25:46,159
will also begin to focus on its science

646
00:25:50,789 --> 00:25:48,480
campaign which includes searching for

647
00:25:54,230 --> 00:25:50,799
signs of ancient life on mars and you

648
00:25:55,750 --> 00:25:54,240
can follow along by visiting nasa.gov

649
00:25:56,950 --> 00:25:55,760
perseverance

650
00:25:59,430 --> 00:25:56,960
and since we've been talking about

651
00:26:01,590 --> 00:25:59,440
turning science fiction into reality i

652
00:26:04,549 --> 00:26:01,600
should also wish everyone out there a

653
00:26:06,630 --> 00:26:04,559
happy star wars day this may 4th may the

654
00:26:08,230 --> 00:26:06,640
force be with you nasa will be

655
00:26:10,310 --> 00:26:08,240
celebrating throughout the day on social

656
00:26:11,830 --> 00:26:10,320
media so stay tuned for some fun

657
00:26:13,750 --> 00:26:11,840
surprises

658
00:26:16,149 --> 00:26:13,760
science fiction encourages all of us at

659
00:26:18,390 --> 00:26:16,159
nasa to dream big and we can't do things

660
00:26:20,470 --> 00:26:18,400
like fly on mars or titan without the

661
00:26:21,830 --> 00:26:20,480
expertise and knowledge of those around

662
00:26:23,669 --> 00:26:21,840
the agency

663
00:26:25,669 --> 00:26:23,679
during asian american and pacific

664
00:26:27,269 --> 00:26:25,679
islander heritage month we'd like to

665
00:26:28,950 --> 00:26:27,279
honor some of these employees playing

666
00:26:31,590 --> 00:26:28,960
key roles at nasa

667
00:26:34,470 --> 00:26:31,600
here at jpl for example we count chen

668
00:26:36,870 --> 00:26:34,480
shisen a chinese-american specialist in

669
00:26:39,430 --> 00:26:36,880
fluid mechanics as one of our original

670
00:26:41,269 --> 00:26:39,440
founders we'll close on a video sharing

671
00:26:43,430 --> 00:26:41,279
words from some of our asian american

672
00:26:46,800 --> 00:26:43,440
and pacific islander employees thank you

673
00:27:01,750 --> 00:26:46,810
so much for joining us until next time

674
00:27:05,909 --> 00:27:03,750
hi i'm kelly busquets i'm an engineer

675
00:27:07,669 --> 00:27:05,919
with the goddard space flight center hi

676
00:27:09,350 --> 00:27:07,679
my name is tony arviola and i work at

677
00:27:11,510 --> 00:27:09,360
langley research center my name is

678
00:27:12,710 --> 00:27:11,520
karthik shade i'm an astrophysicist

679
00:27:14,710 --> 00:27:12,720
working in the science mission

680
00:27:16,870 --> 00:27:14,720
directorate this is kenji nikki my name

681
00:27:18,389 --> 00:27:16,880
is jenny stags my name is steve she i'm

682
00:27:20,310 --> 00:27:18,399
the associate administrator for

683
00:27:22,149 --> 00:27:20,320
diversity and equal opportunity here at

684
00:27:24,070 --> 00:27:22,159
nasa i'm a research materials engineer

685
00:27:25,990 --> 00:27:24,080
i'm a program analyst i work as a

686
00:27:27,750 --> 00:27:26,000
software engineer i do research on

687
00:27:28,950 --> 00:27:27,760
electric propulsion i came here from

688
00:27:31,190 --> 00:27:28,960
japan

689
00:27:32,789 --> 00:27:31,200
long time ago hoping that i could work

690
00:27:35,830 --> 00:27:32,799
for nasa

691
00:27:38,710 --> 00:27:35,840
actually this is my favorite picture

692
00:27:41,350 --> 00:27:38,720
that i kept near my desk for a long time

693
00:27:43,430 --> 00:27:41,360
i am proud to be an asian american and

694
00:27:45,430 --> 00:27:43,440
i'm so proud to be a part of the nasa

695
00:27:47,269 --> 00:27:45,440
family i'm the second generation of

696
00:27:48,789 --> 00:27:47,279
vietnamese and timelines ascent i grew

697
00:27:50,789 --> 00:27:48,799
up in the philippines i'm indian

698
00:27:52,549 --> 00:27:50,799
american i'm filipino both my parents

699
00:27:55,669 --> 00:27:52,559
are from the philippines i come from

700
00:27:58,789 --> 00:27:55,679
india i am really honored and blessed to

701
00:28:00,389 --> 00:27:58,799
be part of an organization that

702
00:28:02,470 --> 00:28:00,399
embraces

703
00:28:05,110 --> 00:28:02,480
diverse backgrounds but never in my

704
00:28:07,990 --> 00:28:05,120
wildest dreams did i expect to be

705
00:28:11,669 --> 00:28:08,000
working at this i am profoundly deaf

706
00:28:15,350 --> 00:28:11,679
which makes me a unique person who is a

707
00:28:17,269 --> 00:28:15,360
deaf asian employed at nasa i'm an

708
00:28:19,350 --> 00:28:17,279
ambitious woman and i do not let anyone

709
00:28:21,430 --> 00:28:19,360
discourage me i'm so grateful for the

710
00:28:24,070 --> 00:28:21,440
opportunity to work in an agency where

711
00:28:26,630 --> 00:28:24,080
our work benefits the entire world you

712
00:28:29,510 --> 00:28:26,640
notice my speaking i had some speaking

713
00:28:30,789 --> 00:28:29,520
problems on top of a japanese accent but

714
00:28:34,070 --> 00:28:30,799
in

715
00:28:36,630 --> 00:28:34,080
nasa no one care about it they just

716
00:28:38,630 --> 00:28:36,640
care what i'm doing so it makes me very

717
00:28:41,190 --> 00:28:38,640
happy thank you for joining us and

718
00:28:42,470 --> 00:28:41,200
celebrating uh asian american pacific

719
00:28:45,220 --> 00:28:42,480
islander

720
00:28:46,789 --> 00:28:45,230
heritage month happy aapi heritage month

721
00:28:49,669 --> 00:28:46,799
[Music]

722
00:28:59,190 --> 00:28:52,020
namaste